Harvard Business Review -Porter Model Essays

Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essays Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essay Harvard Business Review - Porter Model Essay Infosys Consulting (ICI) rose up out of Infosys Technologies as a business and data innovation counseling firm with a one of a kind methodology. ICI applied Infosys’ Global Delivery Model (GDM) to counseling and utilized the parent company’s customer connections to accomplish ventures. In light of 24-hour workforce and less expensive seaward work, ICI’s system permits them to reduce down expenses and usage time for ventures. While the parent organization offers vital points of interest, ICI and Infosys regularly conflict because of cover in the two organizations capacities to finish client commitment. In spite of the fact that ICI and Infosys are isolated elements the two work intently together, in this way both must make a solid effort to interface with each other. ICI’s interesting association and technique makes a worth chain which separates them from their rivals and delivers extraordinary advantages for their customers. ICI made the GDM esteem chain for their counseling administrations, the â€Å"1-1-3 model,† which comprised of giving the customer one on location ICI asset, one on location Infosys Technologies asset, and three seaward Infosys Technologies assets. This model permits ICI to reduce expenses with a mixed pace of $100 every hour because of the less expensive work of the seaward assets. Using the seaward assets additionally permits ICI to abbreviate the length of the venture from structure to execution as somebody can be taking a shot at the undertaking the entire hours of the day. During the day, the on location group works with the customer to watch the company’s forms and make a structure. During the night, the seaward group can take a shot at changing over the structure into programming arrangement which would then be able to be given and tried the customer the following day. : This permits the group to finish the venture a lot quicker than if the whole group was in a similar time region and permits the customer to give day by day contribution to what they need at long last. The 1-1-3 system improved ICI’s operational viability as they played out a similar execution quicker than significant adversaries like IBM or Accenture. IBM and Accenture, who center endeavors with inland delegates, can only with significant effort actualize a 24-hour work plan. Their emphasis on inland delegates additionally compels them to charge higher mixed rates, extending from $175 to $225. IBM and Accenture can only with significant effort reposition themselves to coordinate ICI’s procedure as they would need to downsize their US nearness. Driving seaward counseling organizations additionally can only with significant effort execute ICI’s procedure of making a US auxiliary as they at present are overseen through their innovation organizations. Copying ICI’s structure requires critical interest in enlisting which these organizations didn't have promptly accessible. To utilize ICI’s 1-1-3 model, ICI made a few tradeoffs. One tradeoff is the aftereffect of actualizing the GDM with 24-hour workdays. Utilizing a 24-hour workday implies that gatherings can be booked consistently of the day frequently making representatives be extended slight. Representatives can't work â€Å"normal† work hours as they are required across many time regions. ICI likewise made a tradeoff between utilizing ease seaward work and having clear correspondence among on location and offsite laborers. This powers advisors to work past typical business hours and plan for time contrasts. ICI decided to make this tradeoff since this procedure fits well with the remainder of their worth chain. Exercises finished by seaward workers short-term permit inland representatives to begin every the very first moment above and beyond all the while and push ahead in the plan cycle. Along these lines the two arrangements of exercises, both inland and seaward, fortify each other and the organization can advance their endeavors. ICI additionally made a tradeoff when it went to their counseling expenses. ICI could charge high rates like IBM and Accenture, along these lines taking a higher overall revenue, however ICI was happy to forfeit benefit in the present moment for a higher piece of the overall industry in the long haul. Infosys Technology made a channel for ICI to draw in clients as Infosys, with a built up brand and not insignificant rundown of past clients, alluded their clients to ICI. Infosys‘ vital necessities based situating was the principle purpose behind making ICI. In making ICI, Infosys endeavored to fulfill a bigger portion of their customers’ innovation needs. ICI originated from Infosys recognizing the chance to work for the customer prior, to characterize issues, make arrangements, and execute them. Be that as it may, strains developed among ICI and Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Solutions specialty units over which element would lead customer connections and commitment. ICI is a totally discrete element with its own way of life, initiative, and development; this made a gap among ICI and the parent organization. ICI and Infosys continually chip away at improving correspondence and cooperation between each other as it is vital to the accomplishment of the association. In any case, while this partition exists it will stay one of ICI’s biggest shortcomings. Infosys must keep on putting resources into their worth chain to maintain and make an upper hand. Infosys as of now puts resources into making auxiliaries, for example, ICI in the US, in different nations to extend their business. A significant piece of making these auxiliaries is putting resources into top level ability enlistment, ICI the board attempts to select MBA graduates and actualize a referral-based framework to focus on the best 10 percent of specialists from different firms. ICI met and took on about portion of the representatives from Infosys’ unique counseling division however the general objective was to make an increasingly various work power and recruit from inside the nearby nation. ICI additionally attempted to grow the quantity of advisors in nations like China and Australia to expand their worldwide reach. Our activity intend to improve ICI’s serious position begins with putting more cash in advertising to improve the brand name of ICI. One of the favorable circumstances IBM and Accenture have is their solid image reliability, acknowledgment and worldwide customer base. ICI additionally needs to set up themselves as a contender, hold their customers and make their focal points to their clients known. ICI puts time and vitality into fulfilling their clients and ought to promote these advantages. ICI is extraordinary in their worth based evaluating, which permits cost to be founded on measurements that decide accomplishment from the client’s point of view. Here and there commitment are organized to such an extent that ICI gets paid dependent on the result of the venture and whether these measurements were accomplished. This technique guarantees that the customer will get what they need and pay for what they get. Our activity plan likewise incorporates unmistakably characterizing the space of ICI corresponding to Infosys Technologies. One chance is to consolidate the Infosys Technologies’ Enterprise Business Solutions unit into ICI, taking out issues with putting commitment. This issue could likewise be understood by unmistakably characterizing a technique to group a customer commitment under ICI or Infosys. Another thing to do is to bring together the authority among ICI and Infosys to dispense with rubbing on interfacing. This should be possible by building up a correspondence methodology or by making a typical administration group. Explaining area issues and bringing together initiative will assist with bettering build up a general culture at ICI and make them progressively effective later on.

Literary Analysis of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay

In the English Renaissance, character was a significant concern, especially the development of personality. As Stephen Greenblatt contends, â€Å"there is in the early present day time frame an adjustment in the learned person, social, mental, and stylish structures that administer the age of personalities †¦ that isn't just intricate however unflinchingly dialectical† (1). The character of the sovereign was of specific significance: how rulers molded their own personalities, and how these characters influenced their subjects. Taking Greenblatt’s contention, this paper analyzes the development and control of character in Shakespeare’s Hamlet: specifically, the manners by which Elizabeth I’s self-portrayals illuminate the play. What's more, the paper will show how the portrayal of Hamlet is molded by the standard of Elizabeth I, who controlled her open picture through extravagantly built self-portrayals. Mirroring her utilization of these portrayals, Hamlet, who has characteristically ladylike traits, battles to reproduce himself as a manly character to recuperate his family’s and kingdom’s respect. The late Elizabethan time frame was loaded up with nervousness and consternation over the maturing of Queen Elizabeth I. Worry about her looming passing was just aggravated by her refusal to name a replacement. At the point when Shakespeare created Hamlet in 1600, the dramatist was dependent upon a maturing, decrepit sovereign, who at sixty-seven had left no beneficiaries to the English seat. In Hamlet, Shakespeare along these lines tends to two political issues that England looked toward the start of the seventeenth-century: imperial progression and female sway. As Tennenhouse contends, â€Å"History plays couldn't be composed after Hamlet, †¦ in light of the fact that †¦ the entire matter of moving force starting with one ruler then onto the next must be reconsidered considering the maturing body of the queen† (85). The distraction of the English open with who might turn into their new ruler, alongside energetic expectation of male authority, is communicated all through Hamlet. In spite of the fact that the play isn't composed as a political moral story, verifiable similitudes do exist between parts of Queen Elizabeth I’s open persona and the character of Hamlet. Before further clarifying this examination, in any case, it is important to portray how Elizabeth I molded her open persona. Elizabeth I’s Image As leader of the Anglican Church, Elizabeth I was careful to adjust herself in union with a Catholic. As needs be, Carole Levin contends that Elizabeth I advanced the picture of herself as a flawless lady well into the center and propelled long stretches of her life: â€Å"Elizabeth introduced herself to her kin as an image of virginity, a Virgin Queen† (64). Regardless of whether political or individual, her refusal to wed was from multiple points of view profitable, for she maintained a strategic distance from the catastrophe of Mary I’s coordinate with Phillip II. However it additionally caused a lot of worry among the masses. As Levin watches, by not wedding, Elizabeth likewise rejected the most clear capacity of being a sovereign, that of bearing a youngster. Nor would she name a replacement as Parliament implored her to do, since Elizabeth was persuaded this would increment, as opposed to ease, both the political strain and her own risk (66). Elizabeth I’s methodology to hold political force may have forestalled the usurpation of her position by a spouse, however it caused disapproval among the English residents, particularly as she became more seasoned without reporting a beneficiary. Nervousness over the progression prompted hatred for Elizabeth I, with numerous individuals tattling that she didn't wed since she was an unnatural lady. Levin composes, â€Å"there were bits of gossip that Elizabeth had a hindrance that would preclude standard sexual relations† (86). Levin gives a guide to these bits of gossip in an extract of a letter from her cousin Mary Stuart: â€Å"indubitably you dislike other ladies, and it is imprudence to propel the idea of your marriage with the Duke of Alencon, seeing that such a marital association could never be consummated† (86). Others guaranteed that Elizabeth I had ill-conceived youngsters who were left well enough alone (Levin 85). These allegations show that English residents, just as family relations, saw Elizabeth Fs delayed chastity as unnatural and even massive. Despite the fact that Elizabeth I was eager to admit to Parliament that she had spent a lot of her quality, she was mindful so as to develop the picture of herself as a young lady to people in general. One significant case of this technique is the well known Rainbow Portrait, which Elizabeth I dispatched in roughly 1600, a similar period Hamlet was composed. Despite the fact that Elizabeth I was sixty-seven years of age when the composition was charged, she shows up in the work of art to be a young lady (Levin). Elizabeth I made a complicated and different picture of herself. As an unmarried ruler, she became England’s Virgin Queen. Having two bodies, Elizabeth I set up manly authority as Prince and as mother to her subjects. As Elizabeth I developed more established, she depended on iconography to misdirect the English masses into survey her as youthful and essential. These assorted portrayals of Elizabeth I are impressively reflected in Hamlet. The similitudes between Elizabeth I and Gertrude are self-evident: the two ladies are seen as liberal, arousing rulers and are reprimanded for endeavoring to act like ladies more youthful than their actual ages. To Gertrude, Hamlet even states, â€Å"O disgrace, where is thy become flushed? † (3. 4. 91). In spite of these correspondences, an all the more intriguing relationship exists between Elizabeth I and the character of Hamlet. The paper will look at Elizabeth I, who professed to have â€Å"the heart and stomach of a king† (Levin 1) with Hamlet, a sovereign regularly rebuked for acting in a characteristically female way. Impressions of Elizabeth I’s Constructed Identities in Hamlet One endeavor by Elizabeth I to keep up her picture as the Virgin Queen was an utilization of overwhelming beautifiers with an end goal to make herself look more youthful and hence more grounded. Mullaney cites Jesuit minister Anthony Rivers as portraying Elizabeth I’s cosmetics at certain festivals in 1600, when Hamlet was composed, to be â€Å"in a few places close to a large portion of an inch thick† (147). Lamentably for Elizabeth I, this endeavor to shroud the shortcoming of her age appears to be just to have exacerbated her subjects’ scorn for the expected shortcoming of her sex. M. P. Tilley sees that during the late Elizabethan time frame, there was a solid inclination against a lady utilizing beauty care products (312). Ladies who utilized beautifiers, as indicated by well known inclination, adjusted their bodies, the manifestations of God, and were in this manner bold as well as ungodly. As indicated by Mullaney, ladies who utilized beautifying agents viewed as bogus ladies since they made a tricky face to supplant the one given to them by God; modifying their common female appearance made them not genuinely ladies. In addition to the fact that cosmetics were impious and untrustworthy, they were truly ruinous. A lady who painted her face in the Renaissance in this way seemingly obliterated her individual inside and out: profoundly and real. Hamlet shows outstanding nausea toward painted ladies, yet pundits have ignored that a significant number of the contemporary Renaissance issues with women’s utilization of beautifying agents apply to Hamlet’s activities. Like the way that painted ladies utilized beauty care products to mask the appearances that God had given them, Hamlet puts on his â€Å"antic disposition† to camouflage the resources of reason which God has given him (1. 5. 192), resources which in the Renaissance were a fundamental part of the prudent man. Regardless of whether Hamlet is genuinely distraught, he develops a persona to dissimulate his motivation of vengeance. Painted ladies were defamed for harming their body with hazardous synthetic compounds; Hamlet participates in a perilous mission to vindicate his dad, and due to his journey for vengeance, he is lethally harmed. By expecting a â€Å"antic disposition,† a bogus face, Hamlet is genuinely harmed by the bated blade of Laertes. Laertes’ poison obliterates Hamlet’s body common and emblematically disturbs the body politic, since Hamlet will be not able to manage Denmark. Notwithstanding putting on a trick aura, a sort of face painting, Hamlet has other womanly traits that would seemingly have caused some nervousness. Mullaney attests that prevalent attitude in the Renaissance, particularly in the last long periods of Elizabeth I’s rule, was contrary to the standard of a female ruler. The English individuals had consistently been reluctant to acknowledge a female sovereign; as Elizabeth I became more seasoned and progressively weak, their resilience for being governed by a lady decreased. Mullaney further contends that this bigotry was a piece of the English subjects’ acknowledgment that Elizabeth I was weak and politically debilitating: â€Å"for the Renaissance †¦ sexism may in reality be an indispensable piece of the grieving procedure when the lost item or perfect being prepared is a lady, particularly yet not solely when that lady is a sovereign of England, too† (140). As the English public’s melancholy for the decay of their queen’s quality expanded, so too did their hatred for her substantial shortcoming and powerlessness to administer viably. Reflecting nervousness about Elizabeth’s I mature age and ailment, Hamlet shows a characteristically female quality that makes him hazardous as beneficiary to the Danish seat. From the get-go in the play, Claudius rebukes Hamlet for his â€Å"unmanly sorrow concerning the death of his dad (1. 2. 98). Elaine Showalter claims that â€Å"Hamlet’s passionate helplessness can †¦ promptly be conceptualized as feminine† (223). Talking about Hamlet’s production of a distraught persona, Carol Thomas Neely additionally records â€Å"passivity and loss of control† among Hamlet’s ladylike characteristics during h

6 Reasons Why All Budding Entrepreneurs Should Travel

6 Reasons Why All Budding Entrepreneurs Should Travel Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Reasons Why All Budding Entrepreneurs Should TravelUpdated On 07/08/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2Ok4Jds CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThere’s only so much you can learn about entrepreneurship from books or by networking in your local bubble. Traveling further afield will help you grow as a person, gain inspiration, and put everything into perspective.Here’s why we think all budding entrepreneurs should travel …1. To Recognize and Not Waste Your PrivilegeLiving in the United States or another developed nation gives you a huge leg-up in life. As a budding entrepreneur you can easily become frustrated when your ideas don’t take off or resentful of other people’s success stories. However, the truth is you have the best tools, knowledge, and economy at your fingertips and other people would give their life to be in thi s position.Experiencing other cultures and visiting countries that are poorer and less developed will help you recognize your privilege and more importantly, not to waste it.If you want to be an entrepreneur, there really isn’t much holding you back. Get out there and do it!2. To Appreciate Raw CapitalismWhen we think of entrepreneurs, we conjure up the tech giants in Silicon Valley or the suits in New York, but the spirit of raw unadulterated capitalism can often be seen most clearly in the bustling markets of developing nations.The rug maker in Turkey who hangs his wares from a dirty stall or the fruit seller in Brazil driving around in a tin can and yelling through a loudspeaker, are business owners that you can learn from. Did you know that Uganda has the most entrepreneurs per capita in the world?You don’t truly know the basics unless you’ve haggled a price in the bazaars of Morocco or tipped a Tuk Tuk driver in Thailand.Tip: Whether you’re going from the East coast to Florida or all the way to China, traveling can be expensive. It doesn’t hurt to borrow money online to fund your excursion if you’re treating it as a learning experience.3. To Experience Other Cultures and Their LessonsThere are many business lessons you can learn overseas that seem so obvious once experienced but have disappeared in the west or were never here, to begin with. Take the average bar experience in the United Kingdomâ€"busy, a free for all to get the bartender’s attention, and no added value.READUnconventional Ways Bloggers Can Make it Rain in 2018Take a short flight east to Greece and you’ll be greeted at entry, often shown to a table, drink orders taken by a server, and they’ll even crack open chips and snacks for free.The United States falls somewhere in the middle.The point is, there are always novel ways to approach even the oldest of business ideas.4. To Broaden Your MarketNot every product is designed to be international, but if there’s potential to e xpand overseas then you need to make the trip to see for yourself.At the least, you will be inspired and get to learn what different markets want and have to offer.In some cases, you might even find that your business idea has more legs in an overseas market than at home.5. To Find New OpportunitiesFrom new suppliers to products that you can bring back with you, to untapped markets for existing business modelsâ€"traveling the world is a great way to find opportunities and markets that you didn’t know existed.Streaming services are already becoming saturated in the west, but can you be the person to bring them to China? With a population that size, you’d certainly get rich if you could.But, just like McDonalds never took off in Barbados, perhaps China doesn’t want Netflix. Your job may be to find what it does want.6. To Unwind and Have FunEntrepreneurs tend to be hard workers and often don’t know how to switch off, but everyone needs to unwind and doing so on a sunny beach is a great way to do just that. What’s more, some of your best ideas may come to you when you have the time to relax and let your mind wander.Whether you’re thinking about business or not, traveling is a fun and enriching experience. Broadening your horizons is always a positive thing.Are you a successful or budding entrepreneur? Let us know how traveling the world has helped you in the comments below!

Hyundai Commercial Analysis Essay - 988 Words

The Hyundai commercial caught my attention due to its interesting plot. It seems to be a typical car advertisement until you look at it with deeper thought. The situation reveals something totally opposite of what they actually meant to do. Hyundai may have known exactly what they were doing, putting an advertisement out there that would not be easily forgotten. However the impact of this message can be an extremely negative image for Hyundai. The image they end up portraying can cause extremely negative publicity or send people the wrong message. Portraying the message that committing suicide is both acceptable and can be extremely easy. The advertisement I’ve picked ended up being the Hyundai commercial attempting to sell their new air†¦show more content†¦This is saying that suicide is okay, and they should not be sending this out. Suicide is already a rising issue in our society and we don’t need to make it socially acceptable. It seems to glamorize the act of committing suicide instead of showing the true effects of suicide. Also, true side effects of suicide effects more than just the people killing themselves, it travels over into the lives of friends and family. People who are entirely innocent begin to blame themselves for the act of one person who chose they didn’t want to live any more. It shows us that it is actually a peaceful way for one to kill themselves. Nevertheless, the man never struggles or experiences any pain that we can see. Hyundai shows us a nice house and a shiny new car no apparent signs of him having a reason to commit suicide. This message shows people that c ommitting suicide is something you can do, as if it’s acceptable. Suicide is not something that should be considered acceptable in any way. It affects more people than just the one committing the act. This advertisement also opens up new options for people who couldn’t precisely chose how they wanted to kill themselves; perhaps the only thing keeping them back was the fact they were scared it would hurt and now they have an advertisement that makes it look easy and painless. Statics show the average young adult spendsShow MoreRelatedHistory Development And Growth Of Hyundai Motors1634 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Development and Growth of Hyundai Motors Hyundai Motor Company is an international automobile design and manufacturing firm which is based in Korea. The company has several subsidiaries with operations in other countries such as America, China, Russia and other smaller sales outlets all over the world. The major focus of the company is in the design, development as well as manufacture of automobiles and also the crucial parts of motor vehicles. It has a close focus in the heavy duty automobilesRead MoreAs An Audience That Enjoys Media Entertainment, We Find1205 Words   |  5 Pagesevery year to see what commercials will appear during the Super Bowl. Last year s Super Bowl featured various commercials that target particular audiences requiring a great deal of planning and meticulous execution. Thus, audiences that enjoy these commercials become part of more than just the game; they are given an opportunity to become part of a bigger picture by analyzing what message the composer is attempting to persuade to the public. As I reflect on these commercials, I want to understandRead MoreMahindra E20 Case analysis1636 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Contents I. Introduction II. SWOT Analysis III. Marketing Mix Strategy of Mahindra E20 IV. Market Share and Sales Analysis V. Conclusion Introduction: Mahindra e20, previously called Reva NXR, it is an urban electric car hatchback, manufactured by Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles. 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All of Hyundai’s dealerships and heap office are 100% operated and owned by New Zealanders and that is something that the franchises prides

Essay on Three Reasons Against Gun Control - 646 Words

A controversial subject in America today is gun control; should there be or should there not be. I do not know the answer to this question, but I do have an opinion as most citizen of our country. All trough our history guns have been used for the good of the people, and on the other hand, they have been used for the not so good of the people; however, as with most things there is a good use and a bad use. I believe the good uses out weigh the bad uses in this case. In this essay I am going to discuss three reasons I am against gun control: one being it is our constitutional right to bear arms, two every citizen should have the right to protect themselves, their family, and their property, and three for conservation purposes hunting†¦show more content†¦He never used these guns to hurt or kill anybody he simply enjoyed having them and taking care of them. He left these guns to my brother and now he enjoys doing the same things my grandfather did with them, he has added pistols to the collection and the collection keeps growing. He hopes one day to leave his collection to his son or grandson, but if gun control were enacted he would not be able to continue this family tradition, and maybe lose what he and our grandfather collected. Every citizen should be able to protect themselves, their families, and their property. If it takes a gun to do this, then by all means, we should be able to have them in our possession. If guns were taken away from the honest people, the dishonest people would find ways to get them, and without a means of protection how could we protect what is ours. What I am trying to say is if having a gun in your possession may keep someone from trying to harm us, what we have, and own, then guns do not need to be taken from us. 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Annotated Bibliography On Web Services Security - 1713 Words

Overview Web Services Security has developed, implement, and will maintain a policy to ensure that appropriate safeguard measures are taken to be in compliance with American Legal System. Organization’s Position Web Services Security uses a risk-based approach to determining system security requirements to ensure that security is commensurate with the risk and magnitude of harm that can result from the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to, or modification of, each of the following laws; GLBA, PCI, FERPA, HIPAA, SOX Policy The requirements to perform in this policy contained in the Web Services Security Program Handbook and are in compliance with the following: †¢ The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) requires financial institutions or companies that offer consumers financial products or services like loans, financial or investment advice, or insurance to explain their information-sharing practices to their customers and to safeguard sensitive data. (Gramm-Leach-Bliley- Act, 2015) o Critical steps Web Services Security lacks - this law is not one that would be required by our company o Measures and processes to put in place to ensure our business is compliance – there are no measures to be processed †¢ Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI) is a set of requirements designed to ensure that ALL companies that process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment. Essentially any merchant that has a Merchant ID (MID) (PCI ComplianceShow MoreRelatedTop Three Trends in your profession and associated industry Annotated Bibliography1499 Words   |  6 Pagesin your profession and associated industry-Annotated Bibliography The top three trends in the Cyber Security field are salary, career advancement, and the need for predictions of the future in how information is exchanged. 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Cultural Dimension of Global Business

Question: Discuss about the Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Answer: Introduction: Investing in distinct market creates foreign affiliates or subsidiaries and engage with joint ventures or strategic alliances is the main business proposition of the multinational corporations. Using the overseas supplies they function as a system consisting of many subunits operating in a divergent business context, such as national cultures, recruiting multicultural workforce, dealing with foreign investors and accomplishing the needs of other groups of stakeholders in each country of operation. In this way, MNCs maintains stable relationships with the group of stakeholders in the cross cultural business environment. According to Malik and Zhao (2013) if there are barriers to cross-cultural relationships in MNCs, the effectiveness of the multicultural workforce will be likely to drop due to obstacles to tasks realization On the contrary, then cross-cultural interactions may definitely accelerate the employee learning and productive, enhanced communicational perspectives and increas e the level of satisfaction of personnel. Understandably, communication between nations is largely influenced by global interactions between various people from different belonging and their cultures correspondently. This paper will address such understanding by developing theoretical concepts by reviewing relevant articles and explore the presentation of findings in the subsequent part. The study of cross culture is the fundamental aspects of the intercultural management field. The crossing geographical boundaries by the companies give the birth of multinational companies have largely engaged in the expansion process to create international competitiveness by reducing the costs of production and exploiting the market opportunities. In this way, several businesses are engaged with trade liberalization and economic integration. By sharing an effective knowledge and use of cross cultural diversity can contribute towards developing unique ideas and experiences for enhancing the competitive position of organizations (Maheswaran and Shavitt 2014). This cross cultural management has thus significance in the modern business operations and greatly influenced in the growth of the business. Ferraro and Brody (2015) have reported that an oversea management of business is undividable from the spare of patterned cultural behaviors because culture is represented in terms of the en veloping and collaborative beliefs, values, norms an symbols that guide that everyday life of different groups of people. Several researchers have defined cultures in a diverse ways; for example, Chhokar et al. 2013 describes culture as learned patterns of perception, values, behavior that is also dynamic and heterogeneous. Emerging growth of intercultural business across the world increases essentialities for international managers to learn and adopt other cultural skills as well (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Incorporating all aspects into the business, several nations are welcoming largest members of newcomers including the United States, Australia, and Canada. However, most of the Western European countries have now experiencing extensive waves of immigration. On the other hand, several Asian countries like Singapore, China, and Japan have also associated with the unprecedented journey of cross-cultural businesses and ensured the nations growth. One of the most famous frameworks for analysis of cross cultural issues in human resource management was that offered by Greet Hofstede (1980a). The model displays five bipolar dimensions along with difference in culture could be analyzed: high/low uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/femininity, individualism or collectivism, high/low power distance and long/short tome orientation (Hsu, Woodside and Marshall 2013). The main result was a concise set of cultural scores describing national cultures and its effect of cultural diversity on several aspects of workplace-related behaviors and processes. According to the thoughts of Hofstede, every person follows his own patterns of thinking, feeling and corresponding responses which are learned during his lifetime. Thus this can be understood that Hofsteade emphasized more on mental attributes while describing the culture in management literature (Steenkamp and Geyskens 2012). In other words, Hofstede identified the fundamental differences of the cultures which later named as systematic differences across culture by many researchers. For instance Chinese cultures are found to be collectivistic whereas individuals are often practiced the individualist approaches while negotiating with other cultures. On the contrary, several researchers have collectively summarized that culture directly impacts on the negotiation styles of international managers. There are a variety of elements create the culture of population or a country through time which includes social structure, religion, language, education, political and economic philosophy (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). International business managers need to adopt foreign businesses by following all cultural elements in the Griffin and Pustays approach. In all group of people, there is a social structure which defines the role of individuals, its satisfactions, and the mobility ion society. People are often influenced by family in society and this is the first aspects of soc ial structure. For instance, majority of families of the United States are nuclear family and they eventually undergoes individual decision making process. In other words, those societies are centered in individualism. The international managers of United States, thus follows the individual work ethics and excelling their creativity and versatility by taking individual decisions over consensus. On the contrary, people belongs in the Japanese society has a large dependency on the group. Taking business decisions, in this context, international managers often face difficulties while negotiating with lack of individual freedom and showing low regards for rules and professional values. Those business societies believes in perusing harmony with reality, often faced cultural barriers while negotiating people who belongs into the more liberal business culture. According to Cohn, Fehr and Marchal (2014), cultural sensitiveness must be in line with the business model. However, the cultural s ensitivity does not mean giving up ones own culture. All international business activity involves cross-cultural communication. While communicating with cross-cultural people in establishing business negotiations in oversea markets, international managers are often come across activities such as exchanging information, sharing innovative ideas, decision making and provides motivations to others. According to Thomas and Peterson (2014), communication includes any behavior that another human being recognizes and interprets: it is all about the level of understanding one person sharing with others. Thus both verbal and non-verbal messages are conveyed with each other while dealing with cross cultural business activities. In this context, communication plays a large role in establishing the long lasting relationship with the global clients. Parke and Ladd (2016), however, contradict that cross cultural miscommunication is the biggest threat in creation of cross cultural management within the workplace. International managers need to mainta in communicational transparency not only with the clients of overseas but in managing internal culture-driven workforce as well. Interestingly, communication does not necessarily result in understanding (Ang and Van Dyne 2015). It often mislead by getting less appropriate responses from the receiver sides in the cross-cultural programs and thus results business failure in establishment of the cross-cultural partnership. Budhwar and Debrah (2013) opined that culture-driven communication repeatedly involves misunderstanding caused by misinterpretation, misperception and misevaluation between oversea partners. For instance, a Japanese businessman wants to tell to their Norwegian client that he is less interested in a particular sale. Maintaining that politeness, the Japanese says, This will be very difficult However, the Norwegian may interpret this comment as that there are still resolved problems not that the deal is off. Thus, it is often evaluated that the greater the differences b etween the senders and the receivers cultures, the greater chance for cross-cultural miscommunication (Thomas and Peterson 2014). One should, therefore, assume difference until similarities is proven in approaching cross-cultural situations. In addition, an international manager needs to be recognized that organizational culture makes sense by noticing the behavior of the person and that the logic and rationale are culturally relative. In the phase of globalization, the culture profoundly influences how people manage their business maintaining certain thinking patterns, preferring a particular style of communication and showcasing the behavioral approaches (Cavusgil et al. 2014). For instance, between a Chinese executive with the private sector managers of Shanghai - can create barriers that may encumber the process of negotiation. Despite the fact that cross-cultural interactions of managers are certainly increases the end productivity of organizations, however, the most challenging part is to gaining the skills and experiences about the worlds cultures (Ferraro and Brody 2015). Apart from communication barriers, emotionalism plays a large role in developing business process or negotiation with client parties. According to Cohn, Fehr and Marchal (2014), managers of Latin America show their emotions at the negotiating table, while the Asian culture does not permit to show their emotion in front of others (Adekola a nd Sergi 2016). Asian managers can hide their emotions or feelings which help in making the appropriate decisions during the process of negotiation. The partner begins by presenting the maximum deal if the other side accepts all the stated conditions under the approach of building down. On the contrary, one side begins by promising a minimum deal that can be widen and increased as the other party accepts additional conditions (Forsgren and Johanson 2014). Thus, managers often finds problem in understanding the emotional quotient of other business partners. In short, the international managers faced difficulties in negotiating with business partners for fundamental cross-cultural differences in terms of cultural values, norms, traditions, social structure, religion, language and individual patterns of thinking process (Dunning 2014). All these aspects are considered and largely influenced while taking sound business decisions or interacting with one business partners with another. In establishing an international partnership business and negotiating with other countries, culture influenced largely while establishing business contracts with cross culture or third culture parties. Due to the cultural differences, American people tend to be accurate and believe in more detailing regarding the legal part of the activities of the business. Other cultures, on the other side, give preferences on mutual understanding and satisfied with shorter period of contracts. Therefore, managers need to invest their time for understanding more about differ ent cultural dimensions. It is indeed significant to develop cross cultural business partnership or any form of strategic alliance. The space language is one of the useful dimensions which can transform different culture of the organization (Adekola and Sergi 2016). In this regards, business managers keep maintain distances while developing the face to face interactions. This distance can be varied from one culture to another and can be easily observed (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014.). In this way, partners can manage businesses by giving space to each other in a formal and informal context. Simultaneously, the use of material goods is another aspect of diverse cultural dimensions. In most of the American companies, managers give values the acquisition and possession of material goods in a secular position of the business. Distinct from American companies, executives share their office premises with other employees and the differences in salaries in smaller. In addition, European companies disclose the existence of more even scale of salaries between highest and lowest. Thus it would be better to grant less impo rtance to the aspects of material and status in the organization. In this way, partners of the international business can understand the cross cultural dimensions and individual perspectives. To increase the capacity of competing outside the national frontiers, cultural adventurers should be likened with tourists. Tourist can take an active interest in other culture. Secondly, partners of the business should be keen to know about other cultures for gaining the level of understanding during the business negotiation. In that case, partners will be playing the role of cultural sensitizer who can perceive the behavior, norms of other cultures as well. Thirdly, it is indeed important to negotiate contracts with other partners without any bias. By acquiring an in-depth knowledge about the other cultures, the partners can deal with smooth operations without facing any cultural obstacles. The cross cultural communication proficiencies will eventually be increased which enforcing frequent business interactions among business partners. By inferring general laws and developing new functional concepts, partners can develop third cultures that can be understood by both the negotiating partners. In this way, cross-cultural business partners can establish their international business collaborations and ensure smooth communicative operations for the long term. References: Adekola, A. and Sergi, B.S., 2016. Global business management: A cross-cultural perspective. Routledge. Ang, S. and Van Dyne, L., 2015. Handbook of cultural intelligence. Routledge. Budhwar, P.S. and Debrah, Y.A. eds., 2013. Human resource management in developing countries. Routledge. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013. Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. Cohn, A., Fehr, E. and Marchal, M.A., 2014. Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature, 516(7529), pp.86-89. Dunning, J.H., 2014. The Globalization of Business (Routledge Revivals): The Challenge of the 1990s. Routledge. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015. Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Ferraro, G. and Brody, E.K., 2015. Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014. Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Hsu, S.Y., Woodside, A.G. and Marshall, R., 2013. Critical tests of multiple theories of cultures consequences: Comparing the usefulness of models by Hofstede, Inglehart and Baker, Schwartz, Steenkamp, as well as GDP and distance for explaining overseas tourism behavior. Journal of Travel Research, p.0047287512475218. Maheswaran, D. and Shavitt, S., 2014. 0)Issues and New Directions in Global Consumer Psychology.". Journal of consumer psychology, 9(2), pp.59-66. Malik, T.H. and Zhao, Y., 2013. Cultural distance and its implication for the duration of the international alliance in a high technology sector. International Business Review, 22(4), pp.699-712. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014. Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Parke, R.D. and Ladd, G.W. eds., 2016. Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. Routledge. Steenkamp, J.B.E. and Geyskens, I., 2012. Transaction cost economics and the roles of national culture: a test of hypotheses based on Inglehart and Hofstede. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(2), pp.252-270. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2014. Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications.

The Relationship Between Judged Attraction and Assumed Wealth free essay sample

Whether a person is aware of it or not, everywhere they go, they are mentally judging people and creating an opinion about others without necessarily ever even meeting them. These judgments can be based off of simple appearance, or actions, or any other sort of visible aspect of a person. Simply put, humans are judgmental creatures. One of the most common aspects of a person’s life that is judged from outside appearance is wealth. Assumedly, if a person dresses well, they must have money to buy such a wardrobe. Though this is certainly not always the case, people generally assume that what is on the outside is reflected on the inside. In this study, people’s visual interpretation of a person and the person’s assumed wealth will be examined. The participants will be shown pictures of random people of various wealth and asked to judge their monetary net worth. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Judged Attraction and Assumed Wealth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The variables being studied through this experiment are conceived attractiveness and monetary success. The goal of this experiment is to find a correlation between the two. Many studies concerning this phenomenon have been performed in the past and many books on the subject of attraction have been written. The relationship between physical attractiveness and monetary worth has been an interest for scientists for many years. As long as there has been social class, people through the ages have been judging other’s wealth by their appearance, whether people have been conscious of it or not. These studies have been important because these two variables (attractiveness and wealth) have also been linked to desire and favorability, two of the most unique and profound of human emotions, as will be discussed in the following In an experiment conducted at Georgia Southern University by researchers Dawson and McIntosh, the relationship between wealth, attractiveness, and desirability was examined (Dawson McIntosh, 2006). Dawson and McIntosh believed that men looked for physical attractiveness in women, whereas women looked for material resources (wealth) in men. Alternatively, the experimenters predicted that if men and women were less advantageous in these physical and monetary traits, they would compensate with other personal traits, such as personality. Participants to be judged for the experiment were randomly chosen from Yahoo Personals. Members of the opposite sex then rated the attractiveness of the participants and generated adjectives that were believed to describe the participant. For the male participants, it turned out that if they were considered less attractive or wealthy by the raters, their profile would emphasize of other positive personal characteristics. On the other hand, for the females, there was a trending phenomenon that if a profile emphasized greatly on the woman’s physical attractiveness, it concentrated little on other personal characteristics. However, there was no relation between how physically attractive the rater found the participant and what other positive characteristics were used to describe the participant. Dawson and McIntosh (2006) believed that their hypothesis was moderately supported. The judgments that people make on a person’s physical attractiveness can influence much more than the assumed size of his or hers wallet. These judgments can influence decisions as important as whom to vote for in government elections. This phenomenon was studied by Hart, Ottati, and Krumdick at the University of Alabama and Loyola University. They hypothesized that the more attractive a candidate was, the more memorable their campaign was (Hart, Ottati, Krumdick, 2011). Hart et. al. (2011), explored this by showing participants photos of potential candidates (all Democrat) along with campaign policies. The photos and information was then removed and the participants were asked to recite all the information that they could remember about each candidate and answer various questions regarding their attitudes and standpoints about the candidate and his or her campaign. The results show that those who were considered novices on the subject matter, being those that were unable to remember the candidates’ specific campaign and policy points, seemed to favor those that they found more physically attractive. Alternatively, those that were considered experts on the campaign material seemed to favor the less attractive of the candidates (Hart et. l, 2011). One might ask, however, what exactly is it of a person physique that lead people the judge them as attractive? While most people look at a person’s overall appearance and make judgments based on that, there are much subtler cues that a person subconsciously picks up on. Each person’s tastes are unique, and different cues appeal to different people. Author Gordon L. Patzer Ph. D. described some of these cues in his book The Physical Attractiveness Phenomena (1985). Overall Patzer believed that personality was the main contributing factor. While physical first impressions are importan t, personality is what a person really remembers. A good impressions is key. If a person makes a bad impression of themselves upon meeting someone, their negativity or foolishness will forever live on in he or she’s new acquaintance’s eyes. After personality, however, traits that spark attraction become much more minute and specific. First, Patzer believed that height was a key contributor. Women have a tendency to be attracted to a man taller than herself, though not towering. Men, on the other hand, are attracted to women who are shorter than himself, but not unproportionately so. Even if one does not consciously acknowledge it, they are taking note of everyone’s height that they meet. People also take notice of someone’s facial aspects, such as shape of the jaw, hairline, etc. (Patzer, 1985). Specific combinations of all of these aspects, plus many more, determine how attractive a person finds another. Whereas none of these traits have an scientific relation to personal wealth, they do play a key role on how attractive someone is initially judged as. Whenever a person meets someone new, they subconsciously judge the stranger’s appearance and determine what level of attraction if had towards the stranger, even if there is no intent to pursue romantically. Other assumptions then stem off of this initial judgment of attraction. One of the most common is the attempt to judge a stranger’s wealth by their appearance and personal attraction. Scientists have been exploring the relationship between attractiveness and monetary value for years. The following study attempts to spread more light on the subject. Methods This study was designed to determine the correlation between ‘attractiveness’ and perceived wealth. Variables were defined as how personally attractive the surveyors found the estranged participants pictured versus how monetarily wealthy the stranger was based on the surveyors’ attraction. The data was collected using a Likert Scale to represent attractiveness and a scale with different levels of wealth. The results from the experiment allowed for the ratings of ‘perceived wealth’ to be compared to the rating of ‘attractiveness’ and discover if a correlation did in fact exist between the two. Based on the results of the previous study, â€Å"Attributions of physical attractiveness† (Johnson, MacEachern, 1985) ‘attractiveness’ should influence the perception of desirable traits, such as wealth. This may result for a multitude of reasons to be discussed in the future. Participants The participants sampled were the 10 females and 10 males pictured in the slide show. The participants varied all ages, ethnicities, and states of wealth in an attempt to make the sample’s characteristics representative of the public and mildly random. All participants were retrieved off of Google with some strategy to make sure that characteristics were varied in an attempt to be representative, making it a stratified sample. Also participating were the surveyors who rated the sample of participants. The surveyors consisted of a cluster sample of the Flagler College PSY 253 class. The sample totaled 17: 12 females and 5 males. Considering that the sample consisted of college students, assumedly between the ages of 19 and 22, the surveyors were not necessarily representative of the public but rather of college students in general. The participating surveyors received no compensation other than class participation and attendance points, which were awarded simply for showing up to the class. Materials For the experiment, a Powerpoint was used with 20 photos of participants, strangers to the surveyors, obtained off of Google: 10 pictures of females and 10 pictures of males, one per slide. Materials also included a paper survey handout on which the participants would record their responses. The survey consisted of two scales, one Likert scale rating attractiveness and one rating wealth. The Likert scale ran from 1-10 with one with the least attractive and ten the most and the scale for wealth ran from Poor($0-1000)-Average($1000-999,999)-Millionaire-Billionaire (See Appendix A). The participants provided their own writing utensils (pens and pencils). Procedure All participating surveyors were given a single handout survey (See Appendix A) by the administrators and then instructed to record their gender on the handout. Each surveyors’ gender determined whether they would be in Group A (Females) or Group B (Males). Both groups were instructed that they would be shown a slide show consisting of pictures of different individuals of the opposite sex and asked to record their opinions on attractiveness and wealth on the paper survey provided for each picture shown. Each picture was shown for approximately ten seconds and a totally of ten pictures were shown for each group. Group A was administered the survey first. The surveys were then collected by the administrators and a slideshow with ten different pictures was shown to Group B and the participants were asked to fill out the same survey as the prior group. The surveys were then collected by the administrators, concluding the experiment. Results Data was collected using a between subjects design. This experiment examined the correlation between how a person perceives attractiveness and how wealthy the person is then assumed to be. The experiment had two variables: Variable 1, perceived attractiveness, and Variable 2, assumed wealth. Participants were administered a survey listing the two variables, Variable 1 was measured on a Likert Scale of 1-10, when Variable 2 was measured on a scale of 1 (Poor, $0=1,000), 2 (Average, $1,000-$999,999), 3 (Millionaire), and 4 (Billionaire). The mean value for Variable 1 was M=4. 12 with a standard deviation of SD=1. 13314 and the mean value for Variable 2 was M=2. 36 with a standard deviation of SD=. 33066 (refer to Table 1). The median for Variable 2 was 3 and the mode is 2. The median and the mode for Variable 2 were both 2. The Pearson Correlation for the experiment was r=. 05 and the significance for each variable was p=. 891. This made the study’s finding significant and that there is a strong correlation between our variables. Discussion At the beginning of the experiment, it was hypothesized that there would be a positive correlation between how physically attractive someone was conceived as by a stranger and how wealthy they were assumed to be, judged on their rated attractiveness. At the end of the experiment, the results support this hypothesis. The significance of the variables was p=. 891, demonstrating that there is a high correlation between how attractive someone perceives a stranger and how wealthy the stranger is assumed to be, confirming the hypothesis. The positive correlation of the results suggests that the more attractive a person finds a stranger, the more monetary value the stranger is assumed to have. The Pearson Correlation was r=. 05 which proves that these results were reliable. The fact that r=. 05 means that the results were very specific, with few outliers, and can be condensed to a confined ranged of results, which all fit in together to support the hypothesis. Also, the low standard deviations of SD=1. 12212 and SD=. 33066 show how little overall variation there is to the variable means among participants. The results of this study can be interestingly related to the results of other studies previously performed, while the studies themselves may not mirror each other. As discovered by Dawson and McIntosh (2006), men and women on dating websites, if considered less attractive, emphasis more of their personal traits (Dawson McIntosh, 2006). Though it was not a component of the study being examined, some participants in the photos, when less attractive, dressed better, in fancier clothing, while those who were deemed more attractive tended to wear less flashy clothes. Perhaps if a person does not consider themselves to be physically appealing, they will try to look nice in other ways in public, such as clothing. Previously discussed, an experiment by Hart, Ottati, and Krumdick (2011) revealed that voters are more likely influenced by and likely to remember candidates that are perceived as more physically attractive and tend to think higher said attractive candidates (Hart et. al, 2011). This could have a relation to the current experiment in the respects that the survey takers may have had higher expectations of the participants’ monetary value if considered more attractive. This could be because people have a tendency to hold high hopes and expectations for those they find desirable. The experiment at hand has no relation, however, to the third theory Previously discussed by Patzer (1985). Patzer (1985) believed that there is a combination of specific attributes that causes a person to be attracted to another person. A specific feature that Patzer discussed was height, being that females prefer taller men and males vice versa (Patzer, 1985). However, there was no way for the surveyors to judge the participant’s height to their own through the pictures shown during the survey. For this experiment at least, height had nothing to do with personal attraction or attraction’s relation to wealth. There were very few flaws to this experiment that would have altered the results. The only obvious flaw was the issue of sexual orientation. For surveying ease, the experimenters divided the groups into male and female, rather than by sexual orientation because while attracted to males and attracted to females are two clear groups, there may have been bisexuals in the population and they would not have been able to take the survey twice. So though some surveyors may have felt that they were in the wrong group and it may have had an effect on the results, it effects were nothing detrimental. If repeated in the future, perhaps the experiment would involve surveys more catering to sexual orientation rather than being limited to division of gender. On the other hand, while there may have been a flaw, there was no experimenter bias because each participants’ correct wealth was never hinted at until the end. Also, it was impossible for the surveyors to develop practice effects because the survey involved no technique or talent. Also, there was no difficulty level so there was no floor or ceiling effects. In conclusion, the original hypothesis was supported. There was a positive correlation between perceived attractiveness and assumed monetary wealth, this meaning the more attractive a person found a stranger, the person then tended to assume the stranger proportionately more wealthy. There may be more triggers behind this phenomenon but judging by the survey results, the correlation was at least fueled by the attractiveness variable.

why canada should legalize pot essays

why canada should legalize pot essays Canadian society has always been raised on the fact that marijuana is evil. It is an outlawed drug only for dropouts, criminals and life failures, with no economic value or reasons for its existence. Recently in Canada, the issue of legalizing this so called gateway drug is being seriously taken into consideration and debated upon by the countries leaders. Canadians began to change their perspective of this plant as they become more informed of its benefits to society. Over the last decade many conservative citizens would never waste their time fighting for the legalization of marijuana but now it is as if Canadians believe this drug is no longer a threat but more a boost to society, and the consequences relating to marijuana are too harsh. Marijuana is an illegal substance and however it could benefit Canadian society if it was legalized. When Canada entered confederation in 1867 marijuana was a legal substance. It was not until the 1923 Opium and Drug act was signed that Canada was a marijuana free country. Throughout the next seventy-seven years this plant was being illegally smoked by many citizens while scientists underwent the studies of its positive characteristics. They discovered that the main chemical in the cannabis plant was THC. THC acts as a medication or treatment for many illnesses. In 2000 Canadians argued the Federal Court over the legalization of marijuana for medicinal purposes and won. It was legalized for medicinal purposes based on the fact that it violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms [section 7]. On July 31st, 2002 Canada became the first country to legalize marijuana for medicinal uses. This law was recently changed on October 7th, 2003 when the Ontario Court Appeal (OCA) abused the system and let almost any citizen claim they were in need of marijuana for medicinal purposes w ithout thorough inspection. To solve the problem a new product was created in a Winnipeg lab called ...

History response 17 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History response 17 - Assignment Example Family, on the other hand, is the basic unit of society. The concept of family is important in understanding socialization since it is one of the most important agents of socialization that every one person is subjected to; in fact, it is the basis through which one is introduced to the values, norms, beliefs, interpersonal relationships, and opinions. From the TED Talk; I gathered that education and technology, which are important tenets of culture, play a critical role in socialization. The social realities that people are faced with, taught or experience, usually shape their understanding of their cultures. It is true that people always interpret their social actions through morals, norms, sentiments, and values, as the essence of social life (Grusec and Hastings 83). Family socialization alone cannot influence the upbringing of a child, social institutions and formal education also plays a major role in the shaping of the life of a person. It is worth, reiterating that socialization is that process through which people acculturate, people learn about their society’s norms, values, and beliefs. It is through socialization that a person can bear resemblance to another person; this is why a person is usually defined as being normal on the basis of the beliefs, standards and norms of the society that he is in (Grusec and Hastings 102). People are indirectly and directly influenced by the education they acquire from school, the family, church, media, as well as peer groups. Family, as a unit of socialization imparts beliefs, sociological or otherwise in on children through its acceptance, biases or approval of certain beliefs, values, or ideologies. The fundamental scope of socialization, however, remains embedded in culturalization; it is a lifelong happening (Grusec and Hastings 112). The culturalization of persons is achieved through a myriad of social institutions in the society, of which the family, church, and school are part of. Thus,

Giovanni Boldini, Duchess of Marlborough and Her Son 1906 and Gustave Essay

Giovanni Boldini, Duchess of Marlborough and Her Son 1906 and Gustave Courbet, The Young Bather 1866 - Essay Example Giovanni Boldini gained prominence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as an established portrait painter. Boldini was not able to claim much fame and recognition throughout his life because the subject of most of his works was to document the families of the rich and the famous. His prominence in elite social circles was overwhelming and by the early twentieth century nearly everyone who was someone was looking for Boldini to get a portrait done. Perhaps Boldini’s only remarkable addition to contemporary art was the utilization of his swish style that received wide acclaim. After his death Boldini was also claimed as the â€Å"Master of Swish†1. The distinctive swish present in Boldini’s works was able to attract a number of wealthy patrons including nobility, industrialists and other such patrons. Hence, most of Boldini’s pieces are essentially portraits including the piece currently under scrutiny titled Consuelo Duchess of Marlborough with her son Ivor Spencer Churchill. In contrast to Boldini, Gustave Courbet was more of a maverick both in terms of style as well as the subject of his works. Courbet can be seen as the leader of the Realist movement that was seen in the nineteenth century that took prominence before the Impressionism of Boldini and his contemporaries. While the content of Boldini’s work was documenting the rich and the famous, Courbet instead concentrated on bringing social commentary through his work. Often Courbet’s social commentary was bold and innovative. The current piece under discussion by Courbet also represents somewhat of a social taboo for the time – the nude female figure. Courbet was an early libertarian and his work certainly represented this influence in great detail. While placing the more conventional symbols and techniques in his paintings, Courbet was concentrating instead on the content in order to stir the audiences. This he accomplished through the use o f libertarian ideas that became the subject of his paintings2 which applies equally well to his work under scrutiny. It is equally important to contrast the subjects of the works in order to decipher the intent of the artists. The subject chosen by Bouldini was more commercial in nature than anything else. The commercial success of Bouldini made him a favorite for the creation of portraits in Paris. The current work being studied depicts the Duchess of Marlborough, Consuelo Vanderbilt and her young son Lord Ivor Spencer Churchill lounging around in their daily lives. One look at the painting reveals the pleasant atmosphere being carried in the household of the Churchill family. The painting is more or less an attempt by the artist to depict an affluent patroness and her son as being happy and enjoying their time together. The Duchess is shown in a suggestive manner as she glances across the floor depicted towards the artist. Her son is crouched next to her in a kneeling posture. The Duchess is seated on a sofa and is attempting to get up while her son is trying to hold her down as many children would hold down their mothers when they are being adamant. The smile on the Duchess’ face is only interrupted by her apparent beauty depicted in the painting. Much like modern celebrities the Duchess is represented as a

To what extent is Essay Example for Free

To what extent is Essay We can see this in the novel with Frankensteins professor, he died because ordinary people had very little knowledge of medical that could be provided and what good it would do them, and when trying to give someone a injection to benefit there health, he unfortunately didnt see it like that and stabbed the professor, who died as direct result. The monster we can see is remote and friendless because he is so detestable, ugly and abhorrent, people attack him when they see him, and his only friends didnt know that he existed, till they too saw him and attacked him. He explains this to Frankenstein when they meat, solitude was my only consolation-deep dark, deathlike solitude Using alliteration to stress the solitude. The third main character that we see is again lonely because she is left behind for years at a time when Frankenstein if off creating his monsters. We feel great sympathy for Elizabeth, who is portrayed as pure, aerial and racial beautiful. Her hair was the brightest living gold her face so expressive of sensibility and sweetness This is where we first hear of Elizabeth, where she stands out from all the other children because she is so innocent and pure. writes in a feminist slant when Elizabeth is concerned, this could be influence from her mother Mary Woolstonecraft who was a feminist. As in most gothic genres writings there is a twist, when Frankenstein meats with the monster, the reader expects the monster to be vicious and violent, with Frankenstein composed and collected, however the opposite is true. Be gone vile insect! Or rather, stay, that I may trample you to dust is said by Frankenstein when enraged, but the monster is not shocked by this and stays calm and answers with great intelligence, to the extent that the monster even tries to calm Frankenstein Be calm! I entreat you to hear me before you give vent to your hatred on my devoted head Here we see a total character switch and not something the reader would expect. Leading on from this language also plays a important role as the monster has to learn to read, rite and become intelligent again which is not something you would expect from a typical monster. So communication is important as the monster learns to get across his views to Frankenstein and therefore request a feminine partner. (Needs more) The setting of Frankenstein both starts and ends in the same place, which is typically cold, dark and lonely stretched our in every direction, vast plains of ice which seemed to have no end, this ties in well with the gothic genre as well as the romantic period as there are many descriptions of nature and the setting outside. The weather the reader sees has a large impact on the setting and Pathetic fallacy has a large impact on the weather. Whenever the monster comes to clam a victim the weather mirrors the mood and normally the weather takes the form of a fierce storm Flash of lightning illuminated the object and discovered its shape plainly to me; its gigantic stature, and the deformity of its aspect, more hideous than belongs to humanity, instantly informed me that it was the wretch, the filthy demon to whom had given life. this is yet another trait of the gothic genre. The atmosphere in this novel is typical to a large extent of the gothic genre, suspense is built up all over the book. Most of the chapters in the book are left on cliff-hangers making the reader want to know more. Suspense is also greatly built up around the death of Victors friend, Henry Clerval, the reader knows that someone has died but for some time we dont know who it is. There is also a lot of suspense built up around the fact Frankenstein new there was more suffering to come. I wondered like an evil spirit, for I had committed deeds of mischief beyond description and more much more was yet behind This leaves the reader feeling that you want to know what is the much more that he talks about. I think Mary Shellys novel of Frankenstein is to a great extent typical of the gothic genre, it has a lot of the techniques used by gothic writers and uses a lot of the affects. However the novel is not totally typical of the gothic era because there is no proper good verses evil, the monster is meant to be evil but we as the reader feel far more sympathy for the monster and less to Frankenstein. Frankenstein is the protagonist and main character so we are typically meant sympathise with him, but the novel looses the gothic edge when we start hearing things from the monsters view and so start to feel sorry for him, and roles switch like they did when the monster and Frankenstein met the reader does not really know who to sympathise with towards the end. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Im Not an Original :: Writing Education

I'm Not an Original I sat back in the Lazyboy, Raydog shotgunned the couch, Scott rummaged the refrigerator, and Mike laid in bed. He'd been out cold since 2 AM, Super Bowl Eve. We were slothing our way through the seven hour pregame: Super Bowl XXXII, the Houston Oilers vs. the Tampa Bay Buccaneers; the results of free-agency and team salary caps. "Seeger, you know anyone with a white mini van that has a picture of a house on the side?" Scott was leaning over the sink trying get a glimpse of the vehicle pulling into our yard. I figured it out right away. The van that he was referring to just happened to be the Publisher's Clearing House Sweepstakes vehicle. "Oh my god! Ed McMahon is at my house," were the only words I could utter. And I uttered them repeatedly as I broke out of the gates and down the track towards the door. Scott beat me there. He had the door open before the men in the black suits could give the infamous suprize knock. "Wha'd I win! Wha'd I win!" Scott was jumping around like a little kid before Christmas. "Is there a Mr. Beau Jay Seeger here?" "That's me!" I was sliding across the linoleum on my wool socks, my eyes ready to fall out of there sockets. "You've just won TEN MILLION DOLLARS..." is all I heard. My brain was thumping the rhythm of my heart, my toes were tingling in my eyes, my muscles were frigid under my skin, and I could not remember who or where I was. When I came around to reality I could hear Scott say, "If what?" I must have not been away from reality for more than a few seconds. The man in the black suit, who wasn't Ed McMahon, replied, "If you can show us that you are worthy of receiving this award." I was confused. I thought that they just gave you the balloons, flowers, and the million dollars. He saw the pitiful look on my face. It was as if he'd just pulled a sucker out of a baby's mouth. "Mr. Seeger, as the members of the Publisher's Clearing House, we are obligated to find someone who can communicate on a basis of individuality. We are distributors of a wide variety of various print manuscripts that circulate around our United States of America on a daily basis.

Pornography and Sexual Violence Essay

The class is social psychology. Please use proper headings, double spacing, 12 pt font, one-inch margins, page numbering, and logical flow from topic to topic. Citations may be from the Web, texts, books or scientific journals. Magazine and newspaper citations are generally unacceptable. Please be original with your own views. Being with a strong, creative, original thesis clearly stating what you are trying to show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography is a term utilized to depict the various sexual practices and desires to arouse the viewer sexually. It should also be clearly distinguished from the term ‘obscenity’.   Obscenity is frequently utilized legally to suggest pornographic material.   This material may be deemed as illegal if it crosses all the social barriers of decency and is liable for criminal punishment.   Sexual images of women can create a positive influence or a negative influence on man.   Women can be portrayed as objects of sex, pleasure, abuse and violence.   This has resulted in degradation of the status of women in the current world. Feminists throughout the world are objecting at the problems pornography has created for women.   During the early 1980’s, pornography became a huge feminist issue.   The political situation in the West was also changing during that period.   People began to feel the need for greater amount of freedom.   Several of the moral issues such as abortion, reproductive rights, sexuality, etc, began to be questioned.   Abortion began to be accepted giving the women greater amount of control over their body.   Today, women should be pure before the marriage and need to be loyal to their husbands during their married life. Marriage is a relationship in which sex is performed only for reproductive purposes and not for pleasure.   If a woman indulged in sex outside their marriage, it was considered to be a form of prostitution.   Frequently, women are forced into getting them photographed for creating pornographic material.   The pornographic industry throughout the world has turned out into a multibillion-dollar industry (about $ %6 billion), providing material in various forms including movies, internet, books, videos, etc (Malamuth et al, 2005, Utah State University, 2007 & Webb, 2007). Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cases of child abuse throughout the world.   The exact cause for this has not been understood clearly.   A study conducted by Knudsen does not show a direct relationship between sexual violence against children and pornography.   A thorough assessment was created using laboratory findings and case studies of those who had suffered from child sexual abuse.   It was found that child sexual abuse was only affected to a slight and indirect extent by pornography (Knudsen, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Frequently, people associate pornography with erotica.   However, there is a lot of difference between these two aspects.   Erotica is a situation of an intimate relationship between humans such that closeness, communication, intimacy and sexual arousal are felt.   Erotica utilize various symbols for communication and the feeling of interaction.   It could be considered to be one system of language or dialect.   Hence, erotica is usually shared between people belonging to close group, culture, religion, sect, ethnic community, etc. People belonging to other communities, sects, group, etc, would be unable to share and communicate with their partner.   Hence, the erotic appeal may not be present in such circumstances.   Erotica cannot mix with brutality.   To some extent erotica can vary from one taste to another.   Many people use the term erotica in order to demonstrate and applaud pornography.   However, both these terms need to be completely differentiated from one another.   Pornography is the misuse of women and children in the name of erotica. This misuse can be considered in two ways.   Firstly, a woman may be abused and forced into pornography through the erotica.   Besides, many of the female pornography material depict man dominating and abusing women and treating them as mere objects.   I do feel that pornography directly and indirectly creates a situation in which the woman is victimized.   This may further the chances of women getting sexually offended (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of the material available today on the internet and the print media has been generated by threatening women into certain acts that have not been expected.   For example, Linda Marchiano was threatened with a gun to perform several sexual acts in the film Deep Throat.   Today graphic material is available on the Internet of women being tortured, raped and victimized for the sake of sexual arousal.   I do feel that this may not create a sense of erotica but instead encourage violence and crime against women (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography has changed the entire concept of masculinity and femininity.   Earlier, these two genders were considered as complimentary to one another.   A woman was basically made to supplement the needs of man.   However, pornography has spoilt this relationship between man and woman.   Indirectly man is victimizing women in the name of pornography.   Men dominate women and children using pornographic material.   Man would try to conquer other sexually, and women would have to submit to the sexual needs of man.   In a husband-wife relationship, the wife would become the weaker party and the husband would become the stronger one. Once this domination is created, every chance exists for the man to abuse and ill-treat the woman.   Today pornography has been closely associated with male supremacy.   As pornography is becoming more and more common in today’s world, it is having a negative influence on the people.   Pornography touches upon male dominance, sexual inequality and sexual subordination.   Hence, people consider and use violence, force and domination as a part of sex.   This helps to spread terrorism and hatred amongst the population.   Today, people are unable to identify the thin line present between pornography and erotica (Utah State University, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography may influence the individual to various extents depending on the individual factors, the type of pornographic material, the extent to which the material causes sexual arousal, etc.   Studies have demonstrated that when children and adolescents are exposed to pornographic material, there are chances that these children on becoming adults would have perverted sexual tendencies. They may also perform violent acts in order to gain sexual gratification.   However, some studies have demonstrated that expose of the child or adolescent to a minimal amount of pornographic material during early age would help them to benefit later, as they would be aware of the sexual processes that occur in adults.   However, this area needs to be thoroughly researched further to determine the type of pornographic material and the extent to which they would benefit (Malamuth et al, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The World needs to change its attitude toward pornography.   To some extent individuals possessing certain characteristics may be exposed to a greater extent than others to pornographic material.   A study conducted by Malamuth et al (2005) demonstrated that men, who were exposed to material containing sexuality and violence against women, accepted these attacks secretly.   The acceptance was much greater in men who were exposed to pornographic material than those who were not.   Men who were exposed to media presentations of material, which glorified sexual attacks on women, developed aggressive attitudes towards women (Malamuth et al, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus it can be seen that pornographic material is harmful to the development of cordial relationships throughout the world between man and woman.   The effect of pornographic material varies depending on the culture, region of the world, sect, religion, etc.   Scientists should try to develop a method of determining the direct relationship that exists between pornography and sexual violence against women. The Internet may be a very useful resource for teenagers and students.   However, this resource could also be misused, as activity may be difficult to monitor.   It is high time for the law-enforcement agencies and parents to help control the activity of teenagers and students over the Internet.   The manner in which the child or teenagers utilizes the Internet plays a major role in the development of the personality and behavior later in life (Paul et al, 2005 & Bremer, 2005). References: Bremer, J. (2005). â€Å"The Internet and children: advantages and disadvantages.† Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 405-428. http://www.springerlink.com/content/g074414vx721x677/ Knudsen, D. D. (2005). â€Å"Child sexual abuse and pornography: Is there a relationship?† Journal of Family Violence, 3(4), 253-267. Malamuth, N., & Huppin, M. (2005). â€Å"Pornography and Teenagers: The Importance of Individual Differences.† Adol Med Clin, 16(2). Paul, B. & Bryant, J. A. (2005). â€Å"Adolescents and the Internet.† Adol Med Clin, 16(2). Utah State University (2007). â€Å"Lesson 10. Pornography, Violence, and the Law.† Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from Utah State University Web site: http://cc.usu.edu/~fath6/Gen5.htm Villani, V. S. (2005). â€Å"Media literacy for clinicians and parents.† Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 14(3), 523-553. Webb, E. (2007). â€Å"Pornography or Censorship-Silence or Choice?† Retrieved on December 7, 2007, from DSP Web site: http://www.dsp.org.au/dsp/porno.htm